Interestingly enough adding just -g in my Makefile built the BPF programs and allowed the BTF section to be found and properly loaded. My BPF program was loaded and is running properly with my desired functionality. I am confused though as to why the -g flag fixed this problem. Which according to the clang man page:
-g Generate debug information.
Is BTF information considered debug information? Is that in general or in this case? Is the this unexpected behavior? Perhaps a bug of clangs non -g compiled binaries with BPF? It would seem to me that the BTF information should not be purged from a non -g binary. I am interested to hear your thought on this Andrii!
Again, thank you so much for your help. There is no way I would have figured that out on my own.